Edurete.org

Beneath the Surface - Microcredit and Women's Empowerment
The issue of women's empowerment started to constitute the cornerstone of any discussions on planned interventions for poverty alleviation, since the beginning of the microcredit programmes that mobilise and organise women at the grassroots levels and provide access to supportive services. The unique aspect of such a strategy is not its financial intermediation of credit for the poor but also its social intermediation.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/wind/rass.html

Women in the informal sector and their access to microfinance
Women as micro and small entrepreneurs have increasingly become a key target group for micro-finance programmes. Providing access to micro-finance is considered a precondition for poverty alleviation, but also for women's empowerment. But despite the proven positive impact of providing microfinance services to female entrepreneurs in the informal sector, microfinance is just one tool among others to address the multiple causes of poverty, unemployment and social exclusion.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/wind/uis-wind.html

The Magic Ingredient? Microfinance & Women's Empowerment
Microfinance programmes targeting women have been a welcome corrective to previous neglect of women's productive role. For some women in some contexts microfinance programmes have indeed set in motion a process of empowerment where all the above elements have been mutually reinforcing. There are many anecdotal case studies in NGO reports of women who have shown considerable initiative, increasing their income and improving their status in the family and community, particularly after a series of loans.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/wind/magic.html

The Roles of Microfinance in Reducing Poverty in Developing Countries
About 90 percent of the people in developing countries lack access to financial services from institutions,, either for credit or savings1, which further fuels the “Vicious Cycle of Poverty” (refer to Fig. 1). If the people of LDCs have a limited capacity to invest in capital, productivity is restricted, incomes are inhibited, domestic savings remain low, and again, any increases in productivity are prevented.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
***
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/micro/guy_sust-micro.pdf

Microfinance and public policy
Microfinance and public policy: Outreach, performance and efficiency is a research
study seeking to clarify an issue that practitioners of microfinance and donors often face:
how to preserve the dual commitment of microfinance institutions (MFIs) to both
poverty reduction and profitability, whilst ensuring their progressive integration into the
financial market and the phasing out of subsidies.

Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
***
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/presentation/wcms_087755.pdf

State of the Microcredit Summit Campaign Report 2007
The Microcredit Summit Campaign defines “poorest” as those who are in the bottom half of those living below their nation’s poverty line, or any of the nearly 1 billion people who live on less than US$1 a day adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), when they started with a program. As stated in past reports, the Campaign’s greatest challenge lies in bridging the gap between its commitment to reaching the poorest and the lack of a sufficient number of effective poverty measurement tools in use.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
***
http://www.microcreditsummit.org/pubs/reports/socr/EngSOCR2007.pdf

Microcredit's Institutional Action Plan Summary
The core themes of the Microcredit Summit, specifically addressed in the Institutional Action Plan Summary include: serving the poorest in developing countries or the poor in industrialized countries; serving women; developing financially sustainable microcredit institutions and having a measurable impact on the lives of the clients and their families.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/summit/inst-plan.html

Microcredit
Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to the unemployed, to poor entrepreneurs and to others living in poverty who are not considered bankable. Microcredit is a part of microfinance, which is the provision of a wider range of financial services to the very poor. Microcredit is a financial innovation which originated in Bangladesh where it has successfully enabled extremely impoverished people to engage in self-employment projects that allow them to generate an income and, in many cases, begin to build wealth and exit poverty.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcredit

Microfinance
Microfinance services are financial services that poor people desire and are willing to pay for. The term also refers to the practice of sustainably delivering those services. More broadly, it refers to a movement that envisions “a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfinance

Muhammad Yunus
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist. He previously was a professor of economics and is famous for his successful application of microcredit. Yunus is also the founder of Grameen Bank. In 2006, Yunus and the bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their efforts to create economic and social development from below.". Yunus himself has received several other national and international honors.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_Yunus

An Outline of a Credit Policy for partnership between Banks and NGOs
Granting credit to a NGO has to be based on a scheme of criteria, conditions, cost calculations and sanctions. The system must be approved and adopted in the policy documents.
A NGO partner is only considered to qualify if it has begun a significant savings programme with the community. This need not necessarily be the savings programme of the NGO, but is preferable.

Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/ppp/bnk-ngo-partnership.html

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2006, divided into two equal parts, to Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank for their efforts to create economic and social development from below.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2006/press.html

Principles for Sustainable Microfinance Lending
This article draws up a list of the principles for sustainable microfinance lending. Each of the four principles indicated below contains the features that a sustainable microfinance lending should have: offer services that fit the preferences of low-income; streamline operations to reduce costs; motivate clients to repay loans; charge full-cost interest rates and fees.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/govern/sust-mf.html

Key Principles of Microfinance
This article draws al list of some of the microfinance’s key principles like: financial sustainability is necessary to reach significant numbers of poor people; microfinance is about building permanent local financial institutions; interest rate ceilings can damage poor people’s access to financial services and the government’s role is as an enabler, not as a direct provider of financial services.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
***
http://www.cgap.org/portal/binary/com.epicentric.contentmanagement.servlet.ContentDeliveryServlet/Documents/KeyPrincMicrofinance_CG_eng.pdf

Developing countries
A developing country is that country which has relatively low standard of living, an undeveloped industrial base, and a moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI) score and per capita income, but is in a phase of economic development. Usually all countries which are neither a developed country nor a failed state are classified as developing countries.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country

United Nations Development Programme Annual Report 2007
The global economy has been especially strong in recent years, with average worldwide per capita income growing as rapidly as ever before. There have also been significant improvements in global health and other broad measures of well-being, including life expectancy.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
***
http://www.undp.org/publications/annualreport2007/IAR07-ENG.pdf

United Nations - General Assembly Resolution 52/194
The General Assembly held in December 18th, 1997 has, among other things, welcomed the launching of different microcredit initiatives in recent years and also the outcome of the Microcredit Summit of February 1997; taken note of the Declaration and Plan of Action of the Microcredit Summit; encouraged all involved in poverty eradication programmes to consider incorporating microcredit schemes in their strategies and has decided to include future discussions of the role of microcredit under the item entitled, "Implementations of the First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006).".
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/iym2005/un-note.html

The 16 Decisions of Grameen Bank
This article illustrates the 16 decisions of Grameen Bank using drawings too, some of them: to respect the four principles of the Grameen Bank; to give their families good living standards; to cultivate vegetables the whole year round and sell the surplus and to educate their children and to see that they can earn enough money to finance their training.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.grameen-info.org/bank/the16.html

Microcredit Lending Programs - Women for Women International's Microcredit Lending Programs
Women for Women International employs a "solidarity group" lending approach for its microcredit lending programs in Afghanistan and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This lending methodology requires that each individual client form a group with three to seven other "microentrepreneur" women pursuing different projects. Loans are distributed to women via their groups.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.womenforwomen.org/mlp.htm

Solidarity lending
Solidarity lending involves collateral-free loans through solidarity groups and village organizations. Solidarity lending takes place through ‘solidarity groups’. These groups are a distinctive banking distribution channel used primarily to deliver microcredit to poor people.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_lending

A short history of Grameen Bank
The origin of Grameen Bank can be traced back to 1976 when Professor Muhammad Yunus, Head of the Rural Economics Program at the University of Chittagong, launched an action research project to examine the possibility of designing a credit delivery system to provide banking services targeted at the rural poor.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.grameen-info.org/bank/hist.html

Interest
Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital. By far the most common form in which these assets are lent is money. The interest is calculated upon the value of the assets in the same manner as upon money. Interest can also be thought of as "rent on money".
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_rate

What are the Millennium Development Goals?
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

Microcredit Performance Measures
The Microcredit Performance Measures consists in: degree of market formulation; degree of market formulation; operating results; financial condition and required subsidy.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/govern/oecd-performance.html

International Year of the Microcredit 2005
Since 1959, the UN has designated International Years in order to draw attention to major issues and to encourage international action to address concerns that have global importance and ramifications. 2005 has been the International Year of the Microcredit .The five key objectives for the Year are designed to unite Member States, UN Agencies and Microfinance Partners in their shared interest to build sustainable and inclusive financial sectors and achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.yearofmicrocredit.org/pages/whyayear/whyayear_learnaboutyear.asp

FINCA International: Financial services
FINCA International provides financial services to the world's lowest-income entrepreneurs so they can create jobs, build assets and improve their standard of living. With more than 20 years' experience and over 500,000 clients on four continents, FINCA offers a proven solution to poverty.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.villagebanking.org/site/c.erKPI2PCIoE/b.2589455/k.7485/ABOUT_FINCA.htm

Village Banking
Village Banking is a microcredit methodology developed by FINCA International founder John Hatch. Among US-based non-profit agencies there are at least 31 microfinance institutions (MFIs) that have collectively created over 400 village banking programs in at least 90 countries. And in many of these countries there are host-country MFIs - sometimes dozens - that are village banking practitioners as well.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_banking

What is Village Banking?
Village Banking is designed to reach the poorest of the working poor. By providing very poor families with small loans to invest in their microenterprises, Village Banking empowers them to create their own jobs, raise their incomes, build assets, and increase their families’ well-being.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.villagebanking.org/site/c.erKPI2PCIoE/b.2604299/k.FFD9/What_is_Microfinance_What_is_Village_Banking.htm

Grameen Bank: The Sixteen Decisions
Some of the 16 decisions of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh are: to respect the four principles of the Grameen Bank; to give their families good living standards; to cultivate vegetables the whole year round and sell the surplus and to educate their children and to see that they can earn enough money to finance their training.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/grameen-16.html

16 Decisions: Implication for Credit Programmes
This article speak about the implications for Credit Programmes, some of them are: self-help and mutual aid; autonomy of the bank; subsidiary/no free services; respect for social structures/no standard internal by-laws and economic potential.
Segnalato da: Donata Cappello e Giulia Pagano
*
http://www.gdrc.org/icm/grameen-16impli.html

Indietro - Pagina 309 di 602 - Avanti